Such inefficiency attributes to the fact that every player only considers the positive influence to his yield and ignores the negative influence to his counterpart and the society.  
     产生这种低效率的原因在于每个主体只考虑自己投入的捕捞努力量对自己利润的影响 ,而不考虑对对方或社会产生的负面影响 .  
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     Credit risk is the likelihood of the loss occurred to banks, investors or trade counterpart due to the default by debtor borrower(s) or trade counterpart because of unwiliness or inability to fulfill the contract, which includes the likelihood of the loss occurred due to the rating migration and the fluctuation of market value of the asset.  
     信用风险是指由于**人或市场交易对手不愿或无力履行合同条件而构成违约,导致银行、**者或交易对方遭受损失的可能性,它包括由于**人的信用评级的变动和履约能力的变化导致其资产的市场价值变动而引起损失的可能性。  
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     However, the drawbacks of standard form contract are very obvious, which restricts the counterpart's freedom of contract.  
     同时格式合同的缺陷也突显了出来,虽然提供格式合同的一方不能强迫对方接受格式条款,经常利用其经济优势规定诸多不公平的条款,合同相对人却无力对抗。

我觉得是不是你推销的申请不是美国申请，他们想问你的发明有没有在美国进行申请。
也就是counterpart在专利的角度可以翻译为“同族专利”。
个人意见仅供参考~~~